The article discusses such key issues of the development of the agrarian economy of the Republic of South Ossetia as principles, conceptual provisions and legislative initiatives necessary for the restoration of agriculture in the region, taking into account the challenges and possible threats caused by the geopolitical situation in the world. Based on the analysis of the level of recommended medical standards for the consumption of basic foodstuffs, the general need for missing production was identified and a conclusion was made about the need to involve existing production resources in solving the problem of food supply of the population of the republic. It is noted that in conditions of limited arable land, it is important to expand the use of other categories of agricultural land to solve the problem of food supply to the population. Special emphasis is placed on the need to form a system of cooperative associations in agriculture, both agricultural organizations and peasant (farmer) farms, and by attracting personal subsidiary farms. The article emphasizes the need to develop and adopt in the Republic of South Ossetia a whole set of legislative initiatives that can be used as the basis for the development of the concept of the State Program for the development of agriculture and regulation of the market of agricultural raw materials and food. Such initiatives should include: the Law of the RSO "On the Development of Agriculture", the Law on state Regulation of Land Relations and Use of Land Resources of the RSO, the Law of the RSO "On Cooperation", the Law of the RSO "On Agricultural Consumer Cooperation", the Law of the RSO "On Agricultural credit cooperation", the Law of the RSO "On Agricultural production and Sales cooperation", the Law of the RSO "On insurance in agriculture", the Law of the RSO "On Investment Partnerships" and others.