The article is devoted to the study of the ecosystem of entrepreneurship and innovation in higher education institutions, which determines promising areas for the sustainable development of the modern economy in the new reality. On the basis of empirical and comparative methods of analysis, the ecosystems of entrepreneurship and innovation within the framework of educational institutions in Russia are considered, and a list of directions for the modernization of economic education is presented. Within the framework of educational institutions, the stages of the formation of an ecosystem of entrepreneurship and innovation are presented, as well as a list of successful ecosystems of entrepreneurship and innovation. Based on the above cycle of functioning of the ecosystem of entrepreneurship and innovation, a comparison of the work of ecosystems of entrepreneurship and innovation in universities of the Russian Federation and universities of foreign countries is reflected. Based on the data presented on the universitys technological entrepreneurship platform, a rating of Russian universities on student startups and startup projects is presented. Attention is also paid to the regional specifics of the emergence of an ecosystem of entrepreneurship and innovation at the sites of the Orenburg State University. In order to improve the quality of education and scientific research, as well as to develop the economy and society as a whole, this process is a strategically important direction for the modernization of economic education in Russia, which will allow training highly qualified specialists who are in demand in the modern labor market and are able to create new products, services and companies.