The article examines the theoretical basis for state control over the distribution of economic resources. It provides an analysis of the main approaches to understanding control and explains why and how the state intervenes in market mechanisms. Particular attention is paid to the issue of efficiency, fairness, and sustainability in the distribution of scarce resources, which in turn allows us to uncover the essence of "state control" within the framework of financial aspects and identify its functions. The paper also analyzes the current challenges facing the state in the digital environment of globalization and technological change and describes the performance of the State Control Committee of the Republic of Belarus – the government body that oversees the execution of the national budget, the use of state property, and the implementation of acts of the President of the Republic of Belarus, the National Assembly, the Government of the Republic of Belarus, and other government agencies. Various approaches to constructing a system of indicators for assessing the effectiveness of state control are considered. The aim of the study is to systematize and critically evaluate the main theoretical approaches explaining the nature, significance, and directions of state control. The theoretical results and conclusions of the article can serve as a basis for the development of effective state policy in the field of resource regulation.