2409-1634Research result. Economic Research2409-163410.18413/2409-1634-2026-12-3-0-24337WOLD ECONOMYDEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CHINA AND ASSESSMENT OF ITS IMPACT ON THE NATIONAL LABOR MARKETDEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CHINA AND ASSESSMENT OF ITS IMPACT ON THE NATIONAL LABOR MARKETZhukovskyA. DmitrievichZhukovskyA. Dmitrievichjukoffsky@gmail.comRastopchinaYulia L.RastopchinaYulia L.rastopchina@bsuedu.ruKlokelMariaKlokelMariamaria.klokel@gmail.com202612300

The rapid expansion of digital and artificial intelligence technologies has led to significant changes and transformations in the economic structure, including the labor market. China is a leader in the digital transformation of nearly all its industries, making research on the impact of artificial intelligence on labor demand and employment processes more generally important and relevant. The introduction of artificial intelligence leads to structural changes in the workforce, primarily due to increased demand for highly skilled workers and their share of income in the economy as a whole, facilitating the redistribution of production factors across industries. This article provides a comparative review of key aspects of China's key strategic documents on artificial intelligence development (Made in China 2025 and the Next-Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan). According to the Global AI Development Index, China ranks first globally in the 2025 "Applied AI Research" category, with a market capitalization of $22.8 trillion and a score of 100. We analyzed the implementation of artificial intelligence in operational processes and overall corporate governance at Chinese companies such as SHEIN, Tencent, Alibaba, and the Qwen model. The integration of AI into manufacturing significantly reduces the share of low-skilled employment and increases the share of employment in knowledge-intensive and technology-based services. Artificial intelligence in China has not led to a net loss of jobs. Labor resources freed up in some sectors are absorbed by others, particularly in the delivery, e-commerce, and ride-hailing industries, which have become a colossal employer, providing flexible employment for tens of millions.

The rapid expansion of digital and artificial intelligence technologies has led to significant changes and transformations in the economic structure, including the labor market. China is a leader in the digital transformation of nearly all its industries, making research on the impact of artificial intelligence on labor demand and employment processes more generally important and relevant. The introduction of artificial intelligence leads to structural changes in the workforce, primarily due to increased demand for highly skilled workers and their share of income in the economy as a whole, facilitating the redistribution of production factors across industries. This article provides a comparative review of key aspects of China's key strategic documents on artificial intelligence development (Made in China 2025 and the Next-Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan). According to the Global AI Development Index, China ranks first globally in the 2025 "Applied AI Research" category, with a market capitalization of $22.8 trillion and a score of 100. We analyzed the implementation of artificial intelligence in operational processes and overall corporate governance at Chinese companies such as SHEIN, Tencent, Alibaba, and the Qwen model. The integration of AI into manufacturing significantly reduces the share of low-skilled employment and increases the share of employment in knowledge-intensive and technology-based services. Artificial intelligence in China has not led to a net loss of jobs. Labor resources freed up in some sectors are absorbed by others, particularly in the delivery, e-commerce, and ride-hailing industries, which have become a colossal employer, providing flexible employment for tens of millions.

artificial intelligencelabor marketChinaworkforceartificial intelligencelabor marketChinaworkforceСписок литературыBrynjolfsson, E., Mitchell, T., & Rock, D. (2018). “What Can Machines Learn and What Does It Mean for Occupations and the Economy?”, AEA Papers and Proceedings, 108, 43–47.Chinese AI: Key Projects and Events, available at:  https://blog.colobridge.net/en/2025/03/how-is-chinese-ai-changing-the-global-market-en/#Alibaba-and-the-Qwen-ModelDeCanio, Stephen J. (2016). “Robots and humans — complements or substitutes?”, Journal of Macroeconomics, 49, 280–291.Gan Xu, Yue Qiu, Qi Jingyu (2024). “Artificial intelligence and labor demand: An empirical analysis of Chinese small and micro enterprises”, June 2024, Heliyon, 10(3):e33893, DOI:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33893Jiwei Qian (2025). National University of Singapore Governing Digital Work: State, Technology, and the Transformation of Labor Regime in China, June 2025, DOI:10.4324/9781003347088Li, S. Q., Wang, H. C., & Wang, S. Y. (2021). “Research on the factors influencing the labor structure of manufacturing industry in the context of artificial intelligence: A case study of industrial robot application”, Management Review, 33(3), 3.Li, Defu & Bental, Benjamin & Tang, Xuemei (2024). “Comment on Acemoglu “Labor- and Capital-augmenting technical change”, MPRA Paper 123070, University Library of Munich, Germany.Oberfield, Ezra, and Devesh Raval (2021). “Micro Data and Macro Technology”, Econometrica, vol. 89, no. 2, Econometric Society, 2021, pp. 703–732Acemoglu D. and Restrepo P. (2018). “The Race between Man and Machine: Implications of Technology for Growth, Factor Shares, and Employment†”, American Economic Review, 108(6): 1488–1542 https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20160696Wu C, Cao Y, Xu H. (2025). “How Population Aging Drives Labor Productivity: Evidence from China”, Sustainability, 17(11):5046. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115046Xu G, Qiu Y, Qi J. (2024). “Artificial intelligence and labor demand: An empirical analysis of Chinese small and micro enterprises”, Heliyon, 10(13):e33893. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33893, PMID: 39071592, PMCID: PMC11283092.Globalny indeks iskusstvennogo intellekta, available at: https://www.tortoisemedia.com/data/global-ai#rankingsKoval A.S., Sagitova V.R. (2025). “Iskusstvenny intellekt v razvitii kitayskoy mezhdunarodnoy torgovli”, Nauka. Obshhestvo. Oborona, 13, № 3(44), 22.Lemeshhenko, P. S., Nina, Ma (2025). “Tsifrovaya transformatsiya i ee vliyanie na soderzhanie trudovykh otnosheniy kitaiskikh predpriyatiy”, Ekonomicheskaya nauka segodnya : sb. nauch. st., BNTU, Minsk, 2025, vol.21, 98–107, https://doi.org/10.21122/2309-6667-2025-21-98-107Li L., Van S.S., Bao Cz. (2021). “Vliyanie robotov na zanyatost: mexanizm i dannye po Kitayu”, Manag. World, 37(9), 104–119.Primshicz D., Golubev S. (2019). “Kitaiskiy podkhod k uskorennomu osvoeniyu tekhnologiy iskusstvennogo intellekta”, Nauka i innovatsii, 4 (194).Reshetnikova M.S. (2020). “Kitajskiy opyt razvitiya iskusstvennogo intellekta: promyshlennaya tsifrovizatsiya”, Vestnik RUDN. Seriya: Ekonomika, 3.Strukova P.E (2020). “Iskusstvenny intellekt v Kitae: sovremennoe sostoyanie otrasli i tendentsii razvitiya”, Vestnik SPbGU. Vostokovedenie. Afrikanistika, 4.Sun Czzao, Xou Yujlin (2017). “Kak promyshlennaya razvedka menyaet strukturu zanyatosti rabochey sily”, China Industrial Economics Journal, 5.Syue I., Filimonenko I.V. (2021). “Issledovanie vliyaniya tekhnologiy iskusstvennogo intellekta na rynok truda Kitaya”, Industriya 5.0, Tsifrovaya ekonomika i intellektualnye ekosistemy (EKOPROM-2021) : Sbornik trudov IV  Vserossiyskoy (Natsionalnoy) nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii i XIX setevoy konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem, Sankt-Peterburg, 18-20 noyabrya 2021 goda, Sankt-Peterburg: POLITEX-PRESS, 2021, 802-805, DOI 10.18720/IEP/2021.3/233.Shurshalova E.S. (2020). “Programmno-strategicheskoe regulirovanie iskusstvennogo intellekta v sfere realizatsii sotsialno-ekonomicheskikh prav cheloveka v Kitae”, Vestnik SGYuA, 5(136).