FROM CLUSTER POLICY TO REGULATION OF VERTICAL COMPETITION
The key problem of the agro-industrial complex is the inequality of the market power of related enterprises. In fact, there is unfair vertical competition. Monopolists (producers of mineral fertilizers, chemical plant protection products, and large retail chains) sell their products at an inflated price. Organizations that occupy a monopsony position (processing enterprises, retail chains) buy products at low prices. As a result, the economic availability of food for the population decreases, and the main transaction costs are borne by small and medium-sized agricultural producers. This problem is partially solved by the agro-industrial integration of ownership, as a result of which adjacent enterprises cease to be organizationally independent, and the relationship between them is regulated by the management of the agro-industrial formation. For a significant number of agricultural organizations that are not part of integrated entities, as well as for peasants (farmers), "price scissors" still remain a factor constraining development. The attempts to use new forms of integration, in particular agro-industrial clusters, have not changed the situation. More than 10 years after the activation of the cluster policy of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation and subsequent measures for the formation and development of regional agro-industrial clusters, there have been no drastic changes in the economic situation of organizationally independent agricultural producers. The purpose of the study is to clarify the reasons for the insolvency of cluster policy and substantiate promising measures to regulate vertical competition in the agro-industrial complex. It is established that the main disadvantage of cluster policy is that the cluster as an economic phenomenon does not have clear boundaries and does not have the property of subjectivity, which significantly complicates the implementation of regulatory impacts on organizations included in the agro-industrial complex and on the relationship of processing enterprises with large retail chains.
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