The article is devoted to the urgent problem of the sustainable development of the industrial potential of the regions in Russia in the context of structural transformations and external challenges. Using the example of the Orenburg region, the patterns and imbalances of industrial development are studied, which are important for the formation of a scientifically sound regional economic policy. The relevance is due to the need to develop differentiated approaches to managing the industrial complex of the region, taking into account the specifics of individual types of economic activity. A comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of the volume of shipments of goods of our own production in the Orenburg region for the period 2020-2023 by main types of economic activity was carried out. The study revealed a steady trend towards strengthening the sectoral diversification of the region's industrial complex. The application of polynomial trends demonstrated the multidirectional dynamics of the development of individual sectors of the economy. The developed multifactorial regression models for each type of activity revealed the differentiated influence of key factors of production. Based on the analysis, practical recommendations are proposed for the region's governing bodies, including the development of a differentiated sectoral policy, stimulating investment in the most effective areas, developing special programs to support problem sectors and creating a monitoring system based on the developed models. The behavioral research provides a scientific basis for making managerial decisions and developing a medium-term strategy for the industrial development of the Orenburg region.